51 works cited

The literature behind the panel.

CellWise curated its biomarker panel from published single-cell and PBMC transcriptomics research, and its peptide work from the pharmacology of the compounds themselves. Every work below links to the publisher of record so you can read it yourself rather than take our word for it.

How to read this list

This is the body of work the panel was curated from. It is not a claim that any of these authors validated CellWise, endorsed it, or were involved in building it. Where an entry is marked a preprint, it had not completed peer review at the time we read it.

CellWise is research use only (RUO) until SaMD clearance and is decision support for a licensed practitioner, not a diagnostic. Nothing on this page should be read as a clinical claim.

Single-cell and PBMC immune transcriptomics30

  1. A human model of asthma exacerbation reveals transcriptional programs and cell circuits specific to allergic asthma
    PMC
  2. Age-related changes in energy metabolism in peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) and the brains of cognitively healthy seniors
    GeroScience 2023 Springer
  3. Associations between PBMC whole genome transcriptome, muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance in healthy older adults
    GeroScience 2023 Springer
  4. Cellular and transcriptional dynamics of human neutrophils at steady state and upon stress
    PMC
  5. Clonal expansion and epigenetic inheritance of long-lasting NK cell memory
    Nature Immunology 2022 PMC
  6. Deep immunophenotyping reveals that autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders are spread along two immunological axes capturing disease inflammation levels and types
    Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2024 DOI
  7. Estimation of biological aging based on T-cell differentiation trajectories: emerging and future avenues
    Frontiers in Aging 2025 DOI
  8. Evaluation of quantitative biomarkers of aging in human PBMCs
    Frontiers in Aging 2023 Frontiers
  9. Heterogeneity and transcriptome changes of human CD8+ T cells across nine decades of life
    Nature Communications 2022 PMC
  10. Human PBMC scRNA-seq-based aging clocks reveal ribosome to inflammation balance as a single-cell aging hallmark and super longevity
    Science Advances Science
  11. IMMClock reveals immune aging and T cell function at single-cell resolution
    bioRxiv (preprint) 2024 DOI
  12. Immunological biomarkers of aging
    The Journal of Immunology 2025 DOI
  13. Integrated single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq reveals heterogeneous differentiation of CD4+ naive T cell subsets is associated with response to antidepressant treatment in major depressive disorder
    Advanced Science 2024 PMC
  14. Mapping the genetic landscape of immune-mediated disorders: potential implications for classification and therapeutic strategies
    Frontiers in Immunology 2025 DOI
  15. Mitochondrial function in peripheral blood cells across the human lifespan
    npj Aging 2023 Nature
  16. Monocytes differentiate along two alternative pathways during sterile inflammation
    PMC
  17. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell mitochondrial dysfunction in acute alcohol-associated hepatitis
    Clinical and Translational Medicine 2023 PMC
  18. Predicting bacterial infection outcomes using single cell RNA-sequencing analysis of human immune cells
    Nature Communications 2019 Nature
  19. Single-cell analysis of human PBMCs in healthy and type 2 diabetes populations: dysregulated immune networks in type 2 diabetes unveiled through single-cell profiling
    Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024 Frontiers
  20. Single-cell profiling of mononuclear cells identifies transcriptomics signatures differentiating prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia
    Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer 2025 DOI
  21. Single-cell RNA sequencing atlas of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects with coronary artery disease
    ScienceDirect
  22. Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis reveals cell subsets and gene signatures associated with rheumatoid arthritis disease activity
    JCI Insight 2024 JCI Insight
  23. Single-cell sequencing of immune cells after marathon and symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise
    iScience 2023 PMC
  24. Specific types of male infertility are correlated with T cell exhaustion or senescence signatures
    Nature Communications 2025 Nature
  25. Systematic immune cell dysregulation and molecular subtypes revealed by single-cell RNA-seq of subjects with type 1 diabetes
    Genome Medicine 2024 PubMed
  26. The physical exercise-induced oxidative/inflammatory response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: signaling cellular energetic stress situations
    ScienceDirect
  27. The relationship between mitochondrial health, telomerase activity and longitudinal telomere attrition
    Scientific Reports 2024 Nature
  28. Transcriptome-driven Health-status Transversal-predictor Analysis (THTA) using the PBMC transcriptome for health, food, microbiome and disease markers
    medRxiv (preprint) 2024 medRxiv
  29. Using blood transcriptome analysis for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and patient stratification
    Alzheimer's & Dementia 2024 PMC
  30. Whole-genome transcriptomics of PBMC to identify biomarkers of early metabolic risk in apparently healthy people with overweight-obesity and in normal-weight subjects
    Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Wiley

Incretin systems and dual co-agonists4

  1. Mechanisms of action and therapeutic application of glucagon-like peptide-1
    Cell Metabolism 2018 DOI
  2. Reduced incretin effect in type 2 diabetes: cause or consequence of the diabetic state?
    Diabetes 2007 DOI
  3. Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity
    New England Journal of Medicine 2022 DOI
  4. Tirzepatide versus semaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes
    New England Journal of Medicine 2021 DOI

Growth hormone secretagogues and GHRH analogs2

  1. Growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic tumor that caused acromegaly
    Science 1982 DOI
  2. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults
    Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2006 DOI

Somatostatin receptor biology2

  1. SOM230: a novel somatostatin peptidomimetic with broad somatotropin release inhibiting factor (SRIF) receptor binding and a unique antisecretory profile
    European Journal of Endocrinology 2002 DOI
  2. Somatostatin and its receptor family
    Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 1999 DOI

Mitochondrial-derived peptides and bioenergetics5

  1. A rescue factor abolishing neuronal cell death by a wide spectrum of familial Alzheimer's disease genes and Aβ
    PNAS 2001 DOI
  2. Humanin: a harbinger of mitochondrial-derived peptides?
    Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism 2013 DOI
  3. MOTS-c interacts synergistically with exercise intervention to regulate PGC-1α expression, attenuate insulin resistance and enhance glucose metabolism in mice via AMPK signaling pathway
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease 2021 DOI
  4. MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis
    Nature Communications 2021 DOI
  5. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance
    Cell Metabolism 2015 DOI

Tissue repair and cytoprotective peptides3

  1. Advances in the basic and clinical applications of thymosin β4
    Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 2015 DOI
  2. Brain-gut axis and pentadecapeptide BPC 157: theoretical and practical implications
    Current Neuropharmacology 2016 DOI
  3. Regenerative and protective actions of the GHK-Cu peptide in the light of the new gene data
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2018 DOI

Antimicrobial peptides and host defence3

  1. Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms
    Nature 2002 DOI
  2. Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity
    Nature Reviews Immunology 2003 DOI
  3. LL-37, the only human member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Biomembranes 2006 DOI

Pineal regulatory peptides2

  1. Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells
    Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 2003 DOI
  2. Peptides and ageing
    Neuroendocrinology Letters 2002 PubMed

Titles are transcribed from the publisher's own page. If you spot an error in an entry, write to admin@cellwise.ai and we will correct it.